German is one of the
main cultural languages of the Western world, spoken by
approximately 100 million people. It is the national language of
both Germany and Austria. and is one of the four official
languages of Switzerland. Additionally it is spoken in eastern
France, in the region formerly known as Alsace-Lorraine, in
northern Italy in the region of Alto Adige, and also in eastern
Belgium, Luxembourg, and the principality of Liechtenstein. There
are about one and a half million speakers of German in the United
States, 500,000 in Canada and sizable colonies as well in South
America and such far-flung countries as Namibia and Kazakhstan.
Traditionally German
was written in a Gothic style known as Fraktur, which dates
from the 14th century. In the period following World War II,
however, Fraktur was largely superseded by the Roman
characters used throughout the rest of Western Europe. The Roman
script contains only one additional letter, the ß or double s,
which is used only in the lower case.
Since English is a
Germanic language, it is not surprising to find a high degree of
similarity in the vocabulary of the two languages. Finger,
Hand, Butter, Ring, Name, warm, and blind are German
words mean-mg exactly what they do in English. Other words that
are very similar to their English counterparts are Vater
(father), Mutter (mother), Freund (friend), Gott
(God), Licht (light), Wasser (water), Feuer
(fire), Silber (silver), Brot (bread), Milch
(milk), Fisch (fish), Apfel (apple), Buch
(book), gut (good), alt (old), kalt (cold),
and blau (blue). More recent German borrowings in English
are schnitzel, sauerkraut, pumpernickel, kindergarten,
dachshund, poodle, yodel, lager, ersatz, edelweiss, meerschaum,
wanderlust, hinterland, and blitzkrieg. The words frankfurter
and hamburger come from the German cities of Frankfurt and
Hamburg respectively.
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