French is one of the
world's great languages, rivaled only by English as the language
of international society and diplomacy. Besides being spoken in
France, it is one of the official languages of Belgium, of
Switzerland, and of Canada; it is the official language of
Luxembourg, of Haiti, of more than fifteen African countries, and
of various French dependencies such as St. Pierre and Miquelon
(off the coast of New-foundland), Guadeloupe and Martinique (in
the Caribbean), French Guiana (in South America), Reunion (in the
Indian Ocean), and New Caledonia and Tahiti (in the South
Pacific). In addition, French is the unofficial second language of
a number of countries, including Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria,
Lebanon, Syria, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. All told, it is the
mother tongue of about 75 million people, with millions more
familiar with it, in some degree, as a second language.
French is one of
the Romance languages, descended from Latin. The appearance of
Latin in France (then called Gaul) dates from Caesar's conquest of
the region in the period 58-51 B.C. Gaul became one of the richest
and most important provinces of the Roman Empire and Latin
superseded the various Celtic (Gaulish) tongues as the language of
the domain. A number of dialects emerged but history favored the
north; Paris became the capital of France in the 12th century and
Parisian French gained ascendancy over the others. In the 17th,
18th, and 19th centuries French was preeminent as an
inter-national language, though it has been partially eclipsed by
English in the 20th. French was one of the two official languages
of the League of Nations and is now one of the six official
languages of the United Nations.
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